Anesthesia
Anesthesia https://urgentcarenearmetx.com/wp-content/themes/corpus/images/empty/thumbnail.jpg 150 150 Tony Guo Tony Guo https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aa9bbdf8f1e6bbf534778ecea7c0c925?s=96&d=mm&r=g- Tony Guo
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Anesthesia
- Anesthetic technique and agents are selected by the ACP that consider
- Physical and mental status
- Age
- Allergy and pain history
- Expertise of the ACP
- Factors related to operative procedure
- Classification of anesthesia
- General anesthesia
- Rarely use only one agent
- Adjuncts
- Dissociative anesthesia
- Ketamine (Ketalar)
- Rarely use only one agent
- Adjuncts to general anesthesia
- Opioids
- Sedation and analgesia
- Induction and maintenance intraoperatively
- Pain management postoperatively
- Respiratory depression
- Assess respiratory rate and rhythm, monitor pulse oximetry, protect airway in anticipation of vomiting.
- Use standing orders for antipruritics and antiemetics.
- Reverse opioid-induced respiratory depression with naloxone (Narcan). If used, reversal of analgesic effects also occurs.
- Benzodiazepines
- Premedication for amnesia
- Induction of anesthesia
- Monitored anesthesia care
- Monitor level of consciousness. Assess for respiratory depression, hypotension, and tachycardia.
- Reverse severe benzodiazepine-induced respiratory depression with lumazenil (Romazicon).
- Neuromuscular agents
- Promote skeletal muscle relaxation (paralysis)
- If intubated, monitor return of muscle strength, level of consciousness, and ventilation.
- Maintain patent airway. Monitor respiratory rate and rhythm until patient able to cough and return to previous levels of muscle strength. Ensure availability of nondepolarizing reversal agents (e.g., neostigmine [Prostigmin]) and emergency respiratory support equipment.
- Monitor temperature and levels of muscle strength with temperature changes.
- Promote skeletal muscle relaxation (paralysis)
- Antiemetics
- Prevent nausea and vomiting associated with anesthesia
- Monitor heart rhythm, cardiopulmonary status, level of central nervous system excitation or sedation, ability to move limbs, presence of nausea or vomiting
- Prevent nausea and vomiting associated with anesthesia
- Opioids
- Local anesthesia
- Loss of sensation without loss of consciousness
- Types
- Topical
- Ophthalmic
- Nebulized
- Injectable
- Regional anesthesia
- Loss of sensation in body region without loss of consciousness when specific nerve or group of nerves is blocked by administration of local anesthetic
- Always injected
- General anesthesia
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